Getting Started

You needn't buy the biggest snow blower to get competent clearing. Manufacturers offer small, easy-handling machines for homeowners with small driveways. But for large or hilly areas or deep snow, choose a larger model with power-driven wheels. Use this snow blower guide to make your buying decision.

Some manufacturers and retailers have been pushing Briggs & Stratton engines and disparaging other engines. But the other engines on most of the machines we tested performed well.

The big snow blowers might promise 11 horsepower or more, but some less-powerful machines clear snow just as well.

Snow blowers cause 3,000 finger injuries each year, including amputations, according to the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Don't ever clear a clogged discharge chute or auger housing with your hand. Most machines now come with a plastic clearing tool, but a broom handle will do.

Besides snow, a snow blower-particularly a small, single-stage model-can pick up and throw ice, gravel, and other objects. Keep people and pets away when you're working. Wear hearing protection with gas-powered machines. Wait until a gas model's engine is cool before refueling. For electric models, use an outdoor extension cord with a ground-fault-circuit-interrupting circuit feature, and keep the cord away from the spinning auger.

Heavy exertion and cold temperatures can also be a dangerous combination. Take frequent breaks to avoid overexertion. Seniors and people with hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes should consult a doctor before using a snow blower. If your driveway is especially long and two or more cars wide, consider having it plowed.

Types

You can spend as little as $100 for a snow blower that can handle moderate snow conditions, and well over $1,000 for a heavy-duty model. The type of snow blower you buy depends on the area you need clear as well as the storage space available to house it when not in use.

These small snow blowers don't have driven wheels. Instead, the rubber-tipped auger that picks up and throws the snow also helps propel the machine. They're best for short, level driveways, decks, and walks with snow levels of four inches or less. About the size of a walk-behind mower, single-stage electrics are also lightest, smallest, quietest, and easiest to handle, and their electric motor frees you from fueling and engine maintenance. But their rubber-edged auger can pick up and throw gravel, and their narrow, 11- to 18-inch swaths typically mean clearing requires multiple passes. What's more, their modest pulling power is no match for steep slopes and might make the machine pull sideways. And, of course, the power cord limits range and maneuverability.

These small-to-midsize models are typically more powerful than electric versions and are a good choice for level, midsized paved driveways and walks with typical or expected snow levels of less than eight inches. They're still fairly light and easy to handle and take up about as much storage space as a mower, but free you from a cord. They also clear a larger, 20- to 22-inch swath and offer electric starting. But like the electrics, they're a poor choice for gravel driveways. Their auger provides only modest pulling power, and they tend to pull sideways on steep slopes. And their gas engines are often two-cycle (which need oil to mix with the gasoline) and require regular maintenance.

Like single-stage gas snow blowers, two-stage models begin by using the auger to pick up and throw snow. Unlike the smaller machines, they add a fan-like impeller above the auger to help throw snow out the chute-the "second" stage in their name-and are propelled by engine-driven wheels. These larger, more powerful models are best for long, wide driveways with snow levels higher than eight inches. Some models clear a swath 28- to 30-inches wide, and their driven wheels can handle steeper inclines. Two-stage snow blowers are also a must on gravel, since the auger doesn't touch the ground. On the downside, they're relatively heavy and expensive, and can take up as much storage space as a lawn tractor. Their gas engine also requires regular maintenance.

Features

A good snow blower blends competent cleaning with smooth, single-lever chute control. These snow blower features can make some machines easier and more pleasant to use.

Independent dealers and even big-box stores typically have floor samples you can check out. Be sure you're comfortable with the height of the handle and with the chute adjustment, which you'll be using frequently. All the snow blowers we tested have a dead man control--a critical safety feature that stops the spinning auger or impeller when you release the handlebar grips. A long handle on single-stage models or a joystick on two-stage models lets you quickly change the height and direction of the snow thrown from the discharge chute. On two-stage models, a drive/auger control lets you work the drive wheels and auger with one hand while leaving the other hand free to control the chute. A handlebar-mounted trigger release on two-stage models eases steering by disengaging power to either or both drive wheels.

Typically it is a plastic stick used for safely clearing clogs in the discharge chute or auger housing. Use a wooden broom handle, never hands or feet, on models without the tool.

Most gas-powered models now offer plug-in electric starting for use near an outlet, which is much easier than yanking a pull cord in cold weather.

This feature on many two-stage machines lets you work after dark.

Most two-stage snow blowers have five or six forward speeds for the drive wheels compared with just one on single-stage models. A choice of speeds can help prevent clogs while you slog through heavy snow. Some machines offer as many as seven speeds, but we think that's overkill.